Taoism began to recover during the Reform and Opening up period (beginning in 1979) during which mainland China experienced increased religious freedom.This led to the restoration of many temples and communities, the publishing of Taoist literature and the preservation of Taoist material culture.[118] Several Chinese intellectuals, like Hu Fuchen (Chinese Academy of Social Studies) and Liu Xiaogan (Chinese University of Hong Kong) have worked to developed a "New Daojia" (xin daojia), which parallels the rise of New Confucianism.